Copper is a naturally occurring metal found in soil, water, and rocks. Nutritionally, it is an essential trace mineral found in some foods and supplements. It helps the body produce energy, breaks down and absorbs iron, and assists various enzymes that build red blood cells, collagen, connective tissue, and neurotransmitters in the brain. Supports development and immune function and is a building block of superoxide dismutase, an antioxidant enzyme that breaks down harmful oxygen “free radicals”. Copper is absorbed in the small intestine and is found primarily in bone and muscle tissue.
recommended amount
RDAs: The Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for adults 19 years and older is 900 micrograms per day for men and women. Pregnant and lactating adults over the age of 19 need 1,300 micrograms per day, while younger ages 14-18 need slightly less, her 1,000 micrograms per day.
UL: The Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) is the maximum daily intake that is unlikely to cause adverse health effects. Her UL for copper for adults 19 years and older and for pregnant and lactating adults is 10,000 micrograms per day.
copper and health
Since dozens of enzymes use copper to carry out metabolic processes throughout the body, both excess and deficiency of copper can disrupt these normal processes, and for optimal health a stable The body is generally efficient at stabilizing copper levels (low copper intake increases absorption and vice versa). [1] Abnormal copper levels can result from genetic mutations, aging, or environmental influences that predispose to conditions such as cancer, inflammation, and neurodegeneration. [2]
cardiovascular disease
Copper has a “pro-oxidant” effect, which can stress and damage cells. Heart muscle contains high levels of copper, which can be adversely affected by mineral deficiency or toxicity. [3] Both conditions are associated with atherogenesis, the premature accumulation of plaque in the arteries of the heart. [3,4] Several cohort studies have shown associations with higher self-reported copper intake, lower blood pressure and LDL cholesterol, and an increased risk of heart disease due to copper deficiency. [3,5] Although other cohort studies have shown that people with high blood levels of copper have a higher risk of dying from cardiovascular disease than those with low blood levels, high blood levels in these studies are within the normal range. You have to be careful that you stay [4,6] Because of these mixed results, more research is needed before any conclusions can be drawn about the cardiovascular effects of copper.
Alzheimer’s disease
Some studies have shown that people with high copper levels have a lower risk of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), but have reported both low and high blood levels of copper in the brains of people with AD. I’m here. [1] A meta-analysis showed that people with Alzheimer’s disease had higher serum copper levels than people without Alzheimer’s disease. [7] However, a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial did not show that copper supplementation for 12 months improved cognition in participants with mild AD. [8] Furthermore, no observational prospective studies have found that self-reported diet and total copper intake are associated with cognitive decline. [1] Further research is needed to better understand whether and how high or low levels of copper are associated with the risk of Alzheimer’s disease.
cancer
Copper may be involved in cancer for several reasons. It supports angiogenesis, the growth of blood vessels that nourish tumors, and activates enzymes and signaling proteins used by cancer cells. [9,10] An emerging area of research is focusing on the role of copper in metastatic cancer cells (cells that spread away from the primary tumor to other areas of the body). [11] Copper levels in these aggressive cells were found to be higher than in non-metastatic cancer cells. Chelation-based therapies that bind and deactivate copper are being studied. [10]
food source
Copper is found most abundantly in protein foods such as organ meats, shellfish, fish, nuts, seeds, whole grains and chocolate. , will decrease if there is a sufficient amount of copper in the body.
Signs of Deficiency and Toxicity
deficiency
Copper deficiency is rare among healthy people in the United States and occurs primarily in people with genetic disorders or malabsorption problems such as Crohn’s disease or celiac disease. can interfere with copper absorption, leading to severe deficiency, which can be fatal without copper injections. This can lead to copper deficiency.
Signs of a shortage include:
- anemia
- high cholesterol
- osteoporosis, fracture
- Increased infections
- loss of skin pigment
toxicity
Toxicity is rare in healthy people because the body efficiently excretes excess copper. As seen in Wilson’s disease, a rare genetic condition, copper is not excreted from the body, resulting in high blood levels. Severe liver damage and gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and abdominal pain may occur. Although very rare, the continuous storage and serving of boiling liquid from corroded copper or brass vessels can consume excess copper.
did you know?
Copper is found naturally in water, but excessive levels of copper in drinking water are usually caused by copper leaking from old, corroded household pipes or faucets. There is a greater risk if the water is stagnant due to no water being used or hot tap water being used (copper is more soluble at higher temperatures). In such cases, running cold tap water for a few minutes before use can reduce exposure to excess copper. It is also recommended not to drink.
References
- National Institutes of Health’s Office of Dietary Supplements: Magnesium Fact Sheet for Health Professionals https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Copper-HealthProfessional/. Accessed June 25, 2022.
- Gromadzka G, Tarnacka B, Flaga A, Adamczyk A. Abnormal copper homeostasis in neurodegenerative diseases—therapeutic implications. International Journal of Molecular Science2020-12-04;21(23):9259.
- Kunutsor SK, Dey RS, Laukkanen JA. Circulating serum copper is associated with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease but not with venous thromboembolism: a prospective cohort study. pulse2021;9(3-4):109-15.
- Ford ES. Serum copper levels and coronary heart disease in US adults. American Journal of Epidemiology15 June 2000;151(12):1182-8.
- Bo S, Durazzo M, Gambino R, Berutti C, Milanesio N, Caropreso A, Gentile L, Cassader M, Cavallo-Perin P, Pagano G. Associations of dietary and serum copper with inflammation, oxidative stress, and metabolic variables in adults. . journal of nutrition1 February 2008;138(2):305-10.
- Grammer TB, Kleber ME, Silbernagel G, Pilz S, Scharnagl H, Lerchbaum E, Tomaschitz A, Koenig W, März W. Copper, Ceruloplasmin, and long-term cardiovascular and all-cause mortality (Ludwigshafen Risk and Cardiovascular Health Study). free radical research2014 Jun 1;48(6):706-15.
- Squitti R, Simonelli I, Ventriglia M, Siotto M, Pasqualetti P, Rembach A, Doecke J, Bush AI. Meta-analysis of serum non-ceruloplasmin copper in Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimer’s Journal2014 Jan 1;38(4):809-22.
- Kessler H, Bayer TA, Bach D, Schneider-Axmann T, Saprian T, Hermann W, Haber M, Murthaup G, Farkai P, Pajonk FG. Copper intake does not affect cognition in patients with mild Alzheimer’s disease: a pilot phase 2 clinical trial. Journal of Neurotransmission. 2008 Aug;115(8):1181-7.
- Garber K. Cancer copper connections. chemistry10 July 2015;349(6244):129.
- Lelièvre P, Sancey L, Col JL, Deniaud A, Busser B. The pleiotropic role of copper in cancer: a trace metal element with metabolic dysregulation, but also a therapeutic target or bullet. cancerDecember 1, 2020;12(12):3594.
- Ramchandani D, Berisa M, Tavarez DA, Li Z, Miele M, Bai Y, Lee SB, Ban Y, Dephoure N, Hendrickson RC, Cloonan SM. Copper depletion modulates mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation to impair metastasis in triple-negative breast cancer. nature communication15 December 2021;12(1):1-6.
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